![]() The 2012 submarine eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, New Zealand, is the largest deep-ocean eruption in history and one of very few recorded submarine eruptions involving rhyolite magma. The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century.Ĭarey, Rebecca Soule, S Adam Manga, Michael White, James McPhie, Jocelyn Wysoczanski, Richard Jutzeler, Martin Tani, Kenichiro Yoerger, Dana Fornari, Daniel Caratori-Tontini, Fabio Houghton, Bruce Mitchell, Samuel Ikegami, Fumihiko Conway, Chris Murch, Arran Fauria, Kristen Jones, Meghan Cahalan, Ryan McKenzie, Warren This type of work highlights the effectiveness and importance of accessible satellite remote sensing data for the study of active volcanoes, particularly those in remote regions that may be otherwise inaccessible. This eruption of Nabro continued for nearly 6 weeks, and may be considered the second largest historic eruption in Africa. Mass balance between the SO2 and lava flows reveals no sulfur 'excess', suggesting that nearly all of the degassed magma was extruded. This was followed by a period of rapid effusion, producing a ~17 km long lava flow, and a volume of ~22.1 x 106 m3. ![]() Examination of satellite data reveals a bimodal eruption, beginning with explosive activity marked by high SO2 emission totalling 1824 - 2299 KT, and extensive ash fall of 270 - 440 km2. Synthesizing these data, we then attempt to infer the mechanisms through which the eruption progressed. We also examine published images from other satellites, such as ALI and SEVIRI in order to understand the temporal evolution of the eruption. We use MODIS and OMI data to examine rates of lava effusion and SO2 emission, and quantify the amount of erupted products. The purpose of this study is to explore the quantity of erupted products and the timing and mechanisms of their emplacement using predominantly free, publicly available satellite data. ![]() Geographic isolation, previous quiescence, and regional civil unrest meant that this volcano was effectively unmonitored at the time of eruption, and opportunities for field study were limited. It halted air travel in northern Africa, contaminated food and water sources, and displaced thousands from their homes. This eruption was the largest in what could be considered an ongoing sequence of eruptions in the Afar-Red Sea region since 2005. In June 2011, the first recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, took place at the border of Eritrea and Ethiopia. ![]() The First Historic Eruption of Nabro, Eritrea: Insights from Thermal and UV Satellite Data ![]()
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